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Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Microphones: What you need to know about them



In my last post I discussed recording software that I use for music production. In this post I will be discussing another great asset for music producers, microphones. Microphones are used to record audio or sound, which can be anything from vocals in a studio, to recording a guitar amp and live drums. Even though all microphones accomplish the same goal, there are different classifications of microphones, the three most popular being condenser, dynamic and ribbon. Every microphone is different in regards to its frequency range (the range of frequencies the microphone is able to pickup/record) and its polar pattern (the direction in which the audio is recorded). Despite the fact that all microphones can record sound, some are better for certain uses over others.


Condenser Microphones

The first class of microphone I will talk about is the Condenser Microphone. Condenser microphones use a capacitor to convert acoustical energy into electrical energy. The capacitor is made up of two plates with a voltage passing in between them. One of the plates known as the diaphragm vibrates when sound waves hit it, changing the distance between the two plates and therefore changing the capacitance. Condenser microphones also require a constant voltage, which can sometimes be supplied by a battery in the mic, but usually comes from an external power source known as phantom power, which uses 48v exactly. This is also something to take into consideration when buying this type of microphone as it will need an audio interface that can provide the phantom power, otherwise it will not work. There are a lot of great affordable condenser mics out there. Starting from cheapest to most expensive, three that I would recommend are the Audio Technica AT-2020, the AKG C214, and the AKG C414. All are great mics and are really good with recording vocals. The AKG C414 is also great with recording live drum rooms as it gives a nice crisp full sound. 











Dynamic Microphones


Dynamic microphones are generally more durable and stronger than condenser microphones and are ideal for general-purpose uses. The dynamic microphone uses a wire coil and magnet to create the audio signal. Dynamic microphones are also better suited for handling high volume levels making them ideal for recording drums and guitar amps. The Shure SM58 dynamic microphone is often used at live shows because they are generally cheap and can take a beating and still work great! Another great dynamic microphone is the Electro Voice RE20. It is often seen in radio stations, but is also great on kick drums. The Sennheiser e604 microphones are great for recording toms and can take a hit from the drummer’s stick and will still work. Dynamic microphones can be used for microphones, but are generally used from recording drums because of their sturdy exterior.




Before you purchase a microphone be sure to ask yourself a few questions like, “What do I need from this microphone, what am I going to use it for and most importantly, how much am I willing to pay?” Once you ask yourself those three questions your list of possibilities should drop considerably and you should be able to narrow your list down to one. Also be sure to keep a clear vision of what you want to achieve out of your microphones, because even though any microphone can be used to record virtually anything, certain microphones are better suited in certain situations over others. 

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